# Who Pays for Data Centers

> U.S. electricity prices, state by state, and the data-center demand driving them - from federal and grid-operator data.

Who Pays for Data Centers tracks U.S. electricity prices nationally (BLS via FRED) and for all 50 states + DC (EIA Form 861M: price, average monthly bill, usage), parses PJM capacity-auction clearing prices from PJM's published results workbooks, and maintains three source-linked curated layers: state-by-state data-center docket/dollar facts, a large-load tariff tracker, and a who-paid-what ledger of documented cost shifts. It also covers data-center water: the LBNL federal figures for direct and indirect consumption, the per-facility numbers that are actually published, and the Colorado River reductions Reclamation set for 2027 and 2028. Every number links to its primary source and is downloadable as CSV.

## Pages

- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/electricity-prices/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/electricity-vs-inflation/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data-centers-and-your-bill/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/alaska/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/alabama/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/arkansas/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/arizona/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/california/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/colorado/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/connecticut/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/district-of-columbia/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/delaware/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/florida/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/georgia/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/hawaii/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/iowa/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/idaho/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/illinois/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/indiana/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/kansas/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/kentucky/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/louisiana/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/massachusetts/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/maryland/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/maine/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/michigan/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/minnesota/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/missouri/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/mississippi/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/montana/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/north-carolina/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/north-dakota/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/nebraska/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/new-hampshire/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/new-jersey/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/new-mexico/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/nevada/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/new-york/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/ohio/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/oklahoma/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/oregon/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/pennsylvania/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/rhode-island/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/south-carolina/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/south-dakota/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/tennessee/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/texas/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/utah/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/virginia/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/vermont/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/washington/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/wisconsin/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/west-virginia/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/wyoming/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/states/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/capacity-auctions/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/large-load-tariffs/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/ledger/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/glossary/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/calculator/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/tax-breaks/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/2026-ballot/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/water/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/water/colorado-river/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/water/facilities/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/water/who-pays/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/water/by-state/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/about/
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/privacy/

## Data downloads (stable URLs, updated on the site's cadence)

- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/price.csv - Average U.S. residential electricity price ($/kWh) - monthly, BLS via FRED
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/cpi_elec.csv - Electricity CPI (U.S. city average) (index) - monthly, BLS via FRED
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/cpi_all.csv - All-items CPI (U.S. city average, NSA) (index) - monthly, BLS via FRED
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/alaska.csv - Alaska: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/alabama.csv - Alabama: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/arkansas.csv - Arkansas: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/arizona.csv - Arizona: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/california.csv - California: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/colorado.csv - Colorado: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/connecticut.csv - Connecticut: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/district-of-columbia.csv - District of Columbia: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/delaware.csv - Delaware: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/florida.csv - Florida: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/georgia.csv - Georgia: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/hawaii.csv - Hawaii: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/iowa.csv - Iowa: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/idaho.csv - Idaho: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/illinois.csv - Illinois: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/indiana.csv - Indiana: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/kansas.csv - Kansas: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/kentucky.csv - Kentucky: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/louisiana.csv - Louisiana: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/massachusetts.csv - Massachusetts: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/maryland.csv - Maryland: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/maine.csv - Maine: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/michigan.csv - Michigan: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/minnesota.csv - Minnesota: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/missouri.csv - Missouri: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/mississippi.csv - Mississippi: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/montana.csv - Montana: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/north-carolina.csv - North Carolina: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/north-dakota.csv - North Dakota: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/nebraska.csv - Nebraska: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/new-hampshire.csv - New Hampshire: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/new-jersey.csv - New Jersey: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/new-mexico.csv - New Mexico: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/nevada.csv - Nevada: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/new-york.csv - New York: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/ohio.csv - Ohio: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/oklahoma.csv - Oklahoma: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/oregon.csv - Oregon: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/pennsylvania.csv - Pennsylvania: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/rhode-island.csv - Rhode Island: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/south-carolina.csv - South Carolina: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/south-dakota.csv - South Dakota: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/tennessee.csv - Tennessee: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/texas.csv - Texas: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/utah.csv - Utah: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/virginia.csv - Virginia: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/vermont.csv - Vermont: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/washington.csv - Washington: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/wisconsin.csv - Wisconsin: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/west-virginia.csv - West Virginia: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states/wyoming.csv - Wyoming: monthly residential price, avg bill, usage + commercial/industrial price - EIA Form 861M
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/states.csv - All states: latest residential price, YoY, average bill, usage - EIA Form 861M snapshot
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/pjm_capacity.csv - PJM Base Residual Auction zonal capacity clearing prices, all parsed delivery years
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/tariffs.csv - Large-load / data-center tariff tracker table
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/ledger.csv - Who-paid-what ledger of documented data-center electricity cost shifts
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/taxbreaks.csv - Data-center tax incentives by state, verified costs
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/water-national.csv - U.S. data-center water consumption, direct and indirect (LBNL 2024 report)
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/colorado-river-2027-2028-cuts.csv - Colorado River Lower Basin reductions by state, 2027 and 2028 operating years (Reclamation)
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/water-facilities.csv - Published data-center water figures by facility, with the basis of each
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/water-large-user-rules.csv - Arizona municipal large-volume water user rules that apply to data centers
- https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/data/water-intensity-by-state.csv - Water consumed and withdrawn at power plants per kWh, by state (LBNL Water IMPACT + eGRID)

All data is sourced from U.S. government public-domain datasets; sources and update cadence are described at https://whopaysfordatacenters.com/about/